Hi all, I need a Schemtron rule which indicates an error when <li> elements do not have any child elements. No error schould be indicated for <li> elements with an "conkeyref" attribute and also for <li> elements which are children of any element with a "conkeyref" attribute. I have defined two separate rules... <sch:pattern id="Check_LI2"> <sch:rule context="*li[not(@conkeyref)]*"> <sch:assert test="*">List does not contain any child elements</sch:assert> </sch:rule> </sch:pattern> <sch:pattern id="Check_LI3"> <sch:rule context="*li[not(parent::*[@conkeyref])]*"> <sch:assert test="*">List does not contain any child elements</sch:assert> </sch:rule> </sch:pattern> ... but I think I need to combine them into a single rule with an OR or AND operator. <sch:pattern id="Check_LI3"> <sch:rule context="*li[not(@conkeyref)]* *OR **li[not(parent::*[@conkeyref])] *"> <sch:assert test="*">List does not contain any child elements</sch:assert> </sch:rule> </sch:pattern> However, this syntax is invalid. Can somebody help me? Regards, Frank -- *Frank Dissinger* Documentation Manager .................................................................... *CGS Publishing Technologies International GmbH* *Email *frank.dissinger@cgs-oris.com | *Web* www.cgs-oris.com <http://www.cgs-oris.com/> *Address* Kettelerstr. 24 | D-63512 Hainburg | Germany *Phone* +49 6182 9626-27 | *Fax* +49 6182 9626-99 *Commercial register* Offenbach, HRB no. 21495 *Managing directors* Bernd Rückert, Christoph Thommessen https://www.cgs-oris.com/Signatur.png <https://www.cgs-oris.com/signatur>